Evolution of Computers

Evolution of Computers

  6:36 AM    mayuravaani

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First Generation (1940-1956)

• Major Hardware Technology: Vacuum Tubes, Punch Cards
• Used Machine language
• High heat generation
• Slow processing
• Large in size
• Not portable
• Consumes a lot of electricity
• Expensive
• System Invented: ENIAC, UNIVAC, IBM704, EDVAC, EDSAC

Second Generation (1956-1963)

• Major Hardware Technology: Transistors, Tape
• Use of Assembly language
• Smaller in siz
• Less heat generation
• Less power consumption

• Faster processing 
• Expensive 
• System Invented: UNIVAC LARC, Honey Well 400

Third Generation (1963-1975)

• Major Hardware Technology: Integrated Circuit(IC), High capacity disk for secondary storage, Keyboard, Mouse
• Birth of Operating System
• Use of high level language
• Smaller in size
• Less heat generation
• Faster processing
• Low power consumption
• Expensive
• System Invented: IBM 360, PDP-8, PDP-11

Fourth Generation (1976-1989)

• Major Hardware Technology: LSIC (Large Scale Integrated Circuit) and VLSIC (Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit), Micro processor
• Personal Computers
• Faster computer networks
• Operaing system with GUI
• Very small size
• Portable
• Upgradable
• System Invented: IBM PC, Apple II

Fifth Generation ( 1989- present)

• Major Hardware Component: ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration), High capacity hard disk
• Internet and Multimedia applications
• Voice recognition
• Character recognition
• Artificial Intelligence
• Portable
• Small in size
• Easy Operation
• high reliability
• High efficiency
• Less Expensive
• System Invented: IBM notebook, SUN Workstations