Web Tech

Web Tech

  5:22 PM    mayuravaani

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Technologies a Web Developer should know...

  Web browser

It is a software application for retrieving, presenting, traversing information resources on the world wide web.   

Information resource is identified by URL(Uniform Resource Locator).

 Eg:

• Netscape Navigator                                                     
• Internet Explorer 
• Safari
• Opera
• Mozilla Firefox
• Google Chrome

 

 Search Engine
Search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the world wide web.
Eg: 

• Google 
• Yahoo
• bing

HTML 

Hypertext Markup Language

It is a language to describe the contents of web document.

It uses special syntax containing markers which are wrapped around the text within the document to indicate how web browser interpret that portion of the document.



CSS
Cascading style sheet

It is a language that describes the style of  the html document.

  Protocol  

Protocol is a set of rules that end points in a telecommunication connection use when they communicate.

It specifies interactions between the communicating entities.
Protocol can exist in hardware device level and application program level.
Eg:
HTTP- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol is a popular protocol for transferring hypertext documents written in HTML,as well as VRML(Virtual Reality Modelling Language) files over the network.It is a stateless protocol in that of on-demand connections are opened, data transferred and then closed. 

FTP-File Transfer Protocol allows to attach a computer and transfer files back and forth.

W3C

 World wide web consortium is an international standards organization for world wide web.

Its mission is to lead the web to its full potential.

SEO

Search engine optimization is a methodology of strategies and techniques used to increase the amount of visitors to a website by obtaining the high ranking placement in the search result page of search engine. 

Frameworks

Framework is a real or conceptual structure intended to serve as a support or guide for the building of something expands the structure into something useful.

Eg:

Web framework is a application framework that is designed to support the web applications including web service, web resource, web APIs.

bootstrap

CSS Framework  is a pre-prepared software framework  that allows more easier,more standard compliant web design using the CSS.

Most framework contains  grids.

Most notable examples are bootstrap and foundation. 

 

Libraries 

Libraries are groups of code snippets to enable a large amount of functionality without having to write it.

Libraries typically go through the trouble to make sure the code is efficient and work well across browsers and devices.

Database 
Database is a organized collection of data that can be easily accessed, managed, updated.Two main type of databases are SQL and NoSQL or relational database or non-relational database.
A non relational database does not incorporate the table model instead data can be stored in a single document.
A relational database table organized structured data fields into defined columns.
Structured Query Language(SQL) is a programming language to design relational database.
Popular sql databases and RDBMS:

• Mysql
• Oracle
• MariaDB(enhanced version of mysql)
• IBM DB2
  
• MS SQL Server 

Unstructured data from the web can include sensor data, social sharing, personal settings, photos, location-based information, online activity, usage metrics, and more. 

Trying to store, process, and analyze all of this unstructured data led to the development of schema-less alternatives to SQL. Taken together, these alternatives are referred to as NoSQL, meaning “Not only SQL.” While the term NoSQL encompasses a broad range of alternatives to relational databases, what they have in common is that they allow to treat data more flexibly.
NoSQL databases are document-oriented.

Popular Nosql databases:

• Oracle  Nosql
• MongoDB
• Apache’s CouchDB

Client-side

Client is a user of an application such as web browser that requests

pages from the server and displays them to the end user.

Initiate requests. 

Waits for and receive replies. 

Usually connects with number of servers at one time. 

Typically interacts with end-users using GUI.

Client-side scripting languages:

• HTML(structure)
• CSS(design)
• Javascript
• Jquery
• VBScript 
• AJAX

  

Server-side

server is where a application code is typically stored.

Client requests the server and server gather appropriate information and respond.

Passive(slave).
Waits for requests from clients.
Upon receipts of requests, process  them and serves replies.
Usually accepts connection from large number of clients.
Typically does not interact directly with the end-users.

Server-side scripting languages: 

• PHP(Hypertext preprocessor)
• Java
• Ruby
• Perl

 Front-end
It is also called client-side programming what happens in the browser.

front-end is comprised of  html, css, javascript.

This is user can see and interact with directly.

  

Back end

The back-end is comprised of server and database. 

It’s the place where functions, methods, and data manipulation happens that you don’t want the clients to see.  

API 

Application program interface

It is created by the developer of an application to allow other developers to use some of the application’s functionality without sharing code.

Developers expose “end points” which are like inputs and outputs of the application. 

Using an API can control access with API keys.

Examples of good API’s are those created Facebook, Twitter, and Google for their web services.